Kozmografya Nedir

Cosmography (as is clear from the etymology of the word) is a description of the world, which consists of the four elements—earth, water, air, and fire—as well as the Sun, Moon, and all the stars, and whatever is covered by the vault of the sky. First, it contemplates the circles from which that super-celestial sphere is understood to be composed. Then, from the distinction of these circles, it identifies the positions of the lands lying beneath them and the symmetry or measurement of places; furthermore, the calculation of climates, the variations of days and nights, the four cardinal points of the world, and the motions, risings, and settings of the fixed stars as well as the wandering stars, noting which ones move directly overhead, and everything else that pertains to the calculation of the heavens, such as the elevations of the pole, the parallels, and the meridian circles, etc. It proves these things according to mathematical demonstrations. It differs from geography because it distinguishes the earth only by the circles of the heavens, and not by mountains, seas, or rivers, etc.